Editing Screen Grabs

Experimenting with editing

Experimenting with overlaying images and different opacity levels 

Experimenting with the 'Film Dissolve' video transition to overlap images

Evaluation

Upon reviewing the footage I had for my music video it was evident that there were a lot of differences in appearance for each shot so I felt that it was important to play around with the transitions of the video to give it more of a seamless edge whilst remaining true to the subject's reality. The narrative does become distorted throughout the video due to drug use. I also made many cuts during shots to ensure that the image that was produced was only a snapshot in time and only from a specific angle which adds to the mystery behind the narrative. I added the 'film dissolve' transition for certain shots to make them look more appealing as I found that having contrasting shots could make the video appear too jolting and despite this being quite fitting for the subject, I still had to keep my audience in mind and consider what they would find most enjoyable. 

Bibliography

Carol Vernallis (2013) YouTube Music Video, and the New Digital Cinema, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, Page 10 

Will Straw, Andrew Goodwin, Dancing in the Distraction Factory: Music Television and Popular Culture, Screen, Volume 36, Issue 4, Winter 1995

(2007) What are you really measuring? Reliability and Validity in Questionnaire Design (online) available from: https://www.daa.com.au/articles/analytical-ideas/questionnaire-validity/

Final Music Video & Evaluation

Final Music Video & Analysis

Evaluation

For my final music video I decided to combine both the experimental and narrative genre as I thought it would make the final result appear more interesting and unique compared to a generic performance style video which is favoured in the mainstream. I also feel that is a good fit for the Psychedelic Rock music genre because it stands apart from "popular" music. I felt that this was particularly important because the song I chose, I Need a Man to Love was released in the late 60's and therefore shouldn't be particularly reminiscent of music videos from today. Perhaps most importantly, I knew that I wanted to produce something which felt almost timeless because this is the sort of feeling that I believe the song produces with its audience and is responsible for why the music from the Psychedelics is still admired by young people today. 

During the initial planning process I knew that I wanted my music video to be mainly open to interpretation as those are types of videos that I personally enjoy. The data I gathered from my questionnaire and focus group also suggests that audiences enjoy videos that are more experimental therefore I feel that I created a video that fits well with this as it doesn't follow any specific structure.   

Although I didn't stick to my original plan I don't think this has had a negative effect on my music video overall as I still managed to produce something which is very close to the original plan. Also, I think the setbacks that I experienced have made me more aware of some of the difficulties that can arise during planning and scheduling and therefore I feel better equipped to handle them if I were to do this again. 

I'm happy that I was still able to include references to Andrew Goodwin's theory of amplifying/illustrating lyrics as shown below. I like these aspects of the video because it helps break away from focusing solely on the visuals and instead on both the lyric and sound. It also forms a relationship between the lyrics and visuals which helps the audience make this connection without having to search for it themselves. 

Extreme close up of subject mouthing the lyrics - amplifying 

Close up of song lyrics  - illustrating

Although my music video doesn't follow a specific narrative I wanted to act as symbolism of someone who feels misunderstood/like something is missing from their life. I tried to demonstrate this in shots of the subject walking around in different environments, alone, looking around at her surroundings and seeming deep in thought. The subject takes an ecstasy pill and her entire reality changes, she starts to see her life in colours and is no longer worried about feeling accepted. Her sense of time is also distorted, day becomes night and days blur in to one. 

I feel like my music video takes an experimental approach to presenting a narrative as unlike most narrative videos which tend to follow the story of the protagonist as events unfold in a chronological timeframe, my music video doesn't follow any timeline which agains adds to the distorted sense of reality that the character comes to live in or escape to. 

At the beginning of the music video we are introduced to the subject in her altered reality which is shown mainly through the use of colour lighting and often close ups. Whereas in other moments in the video we see the subject before taking ecstasy and the contrast here is visually prominent and hugely relevant to the deeper meaning. 

Mid-shot of subject's sober state - dull visuals

Close up of subject in moments of her altered
reality due to consumption of ecstatsy - colourful visuals

There are a few things that I think don't work as well for my music video such as certain shots being more shaky than others due to not using the tripod to stabilise during filming. I thought that I would be able to fix this during editing, however, the 'warp stabiliser' effect was unable to analyse the clips properly so I had to skip this step. To rectify this, I would ensure that I always use a tripod for filming (where stabilised shots are required) as it can be difficult to tell at the time of filming if the shots are ok until you analyse them on a bigger screen and then it may be too late to reshoot if there hasn't been extra time assigned in case of filming errors. Despite this, I don't think it's too much of a problem as many shots were planned to be the from the perspective of the subject and therefore it gives a deeper sense of verisimilitude, as if it shot from the eyeliner of the subject. 

I made a number of cuts to each shot during editing to give the video a jolty appearance as I felt it was necessary to emphasise a sense of distorted reality through gaps of time being missing and shots that don't follow the ones previous, due to it's asynchronous narrative. At some points I feel that this may have been too distracting as many shots were short in duration whereas there are a small amount that are significantly longer and I think this affects the overall fluidity of the video. To alter this I think I could have spent more time in editing to ensure that every single shot used is relevant and fits the rest of the video.    

I also think it would have been useful to include a shot of the subject consuming the ecstasy pill rather than just showing the pill to further emphasise the narrative as I am unsure if many people would necessarily jump to this conclusion without being shown it explicitly. 

Another thing that I think could have improved my music video is spending more time post filming to experiment with different edits and try something that I haven't done before such as using different colour overlays to emphasise the contrast between the sober/high state of the subject. For instance using a blue or grey overlay on the shots where the visuals are more dull and adding a bright colour such as pink to add a warmer tone to the visuals of the street art and inside the vintage/thrift shop.

Overall, I am relatively happy with the result because I stuck to the idea of creating something timeless that fit's the Psychedelic music genre and doesn't resemble a generic music video which is something I wanted to steer clear of from the very start. I was also able to create something which remains close to what my target audience (18-25) fed back to me and I took their suggestions on board such as including a reference to the Psychedelics and Janis Joplin with colourful visuals and a narrative that includes drug use. I think that I managed to use a good range of camera shots to make the video appear more interesting and fluent. If I were to re-do this piece of work, as mentioned previously, I would ensure that all shots are stabilised and also spend more time in editing to improve the overall appearance of the video. In my opinion, the narrative is perhaps one of the stronger elements of my work, although, I could have presented it in a way that is more visually striking and experimental. This could have been made possible if I was able to shoot in the studio as planned as I could have created my own projections which would have added more strength to the overall visuals. 

Ideal plan for shot types

Music Video Planning

I have planned for my music video to have a very loose narrative because I want the focus to be on the colour/appearance of shots rather than the subject as I feel this follows the style of Psychedelic Rock videos as they often don't even have an official video produced for the songs, perhaps because the focus is more on the lyrics themselves and the sound produced which allows the audience to create their own imaginary narrative therefore making it more of a personal and subjective experience. I also like this idea because it allows me to be more creative with the shots I want to incorporate which will produce an experimental feel to the video which was favoured in my questionnaire amongst a majority of audiences. 

Narrative: The subject is dissatisfied with life and unhappy, perhaps looking for "a man to love" which will be shown through more dull/simple shots when we see them on their own walking in big open spaces with little to no people around. This will contrast with  the rest of the video which will be a POV of the subject after they take an ecstasy pill. We then see the world through their eyes with the influence of ecstasy; everything is colourful, lights are brighter and different in appearance and some images are distorted or sped up. This will also be shown through the contrast in day and night shots which indicates a loss of time. 

I also plan for the music video to be quite jagged in appearance, jumping from shot to shot and some shots not matching the ones previous to emphasise the use of drugs and how it distorts your perception of reality and time. The inclusion of ecstasy is influenced again by the style of Psychedelics which was very popular in the late 60's and 70's when Janis Joplin and Big Brother & The Holding Company released the song I Need a Man to Love. 

This colourful/experimental appearance is also loosely influenced on the films of Gaspar Noé as he often discusses how the use of drugs helped him to shoot his films and his own personal experiences with hallucinations. For instance the shots below are an example of how I would like my music video to appear to follow the Psychedelic aesthetic. 

Enter the Void - Gaspar Noé

Contingency Plan

Contingency Planning

Obstacles that I may face during filming:

1. Organisation: I will make sure that I plan far in advance to minimise the risk of things not going to plan such as being unable to film on a day due to unforeseen circumstances such as clashing plans as I am relying on a friend to be the subject in parts of my music video. I have created a GANT chart to illustrate the tasks that have been started, the tasks that still need to completed and also keeps a record of which dates they were started/completed by.  

2. Weather: I will check the weather before planning to film as this may affect the quality of the visuals and also can cause damage to the equipment if it is raining. Making sure that appropriate clothing is worn such as a warm jacket and appropriate footwear when filming is essential and this will also be considered during filming. 

3. Equipment faults: This has also been taken in to account in the planning of filming to allow for any technical faults that I may face such as camera/lights not working or running out of battery. I will make sure the camera is charged on the day before filming to ensure that this will not be an obstacle and carry the charging plug around with me so I can stop by somewhere to charge if needs be. 

4. Filming test/practice: As I am not overly familiar with all the equipment I plan on using such as DSLR, studio equipment etc. I have   added time in to my plan to practice shots and familiarise myself with the settings on the DSLR and the lighting set ups that I like the appearance of. I have planned a studio session with some other students to test out studio lighting so I am prepared when it comes to the date of official filming. This is also good time management because it means that I won't waste time messing around with the equipment on filming days because I will be already of aware of what settings/lighing is required to achieve certain shots. 

5. Things not going to plan: It is important to plan for the unplanned such as the subject cancelling plans to film due to illness/work commitments etc. I am aware of my subject's work commitments prior to filming and will plan around this where necessary to ensure that this will not disrupt any plans to film, for instance planning multiple days to film certain shots in case the first filming day is unable to take place. I have also made sure to book a studio slot for two weeks in a row to allow for any disruptions that may be an obstacle to filming. I have also created a more simplistic plan to follow as a back up in case the original plan is unable to take place. This ensures that if things don't go to plan that I already have a structure to follow so it won't disrupt things too much.

Despite planning time to cover any disruptions in filming there were multiple things that prevented filming from going as planned. I became ill on the 4th - 10th March and was unable to carry out any filming that I had planned that week which set the schedule back quite significantly and on the following week my subject was unable to attend filming plans due to last minute work commitments. Therefore, I felt that this meant it was necessary to go to my back-up plan and come up with a more realistic and simple approach to filming to ensure that I could still get the shots I needed in a more pressured time frame. I was able to arrange a date with my subject on the 15th of March where I planned to get some more outside shots as well as the experimental lighting shots that I had previously planned to do in the studio but was able to do at home using a small light projector I had purchased on Amazon a few weeks prior as part of my back up plan. I believe that my contingency plan was fairly effective due to already having a second plan ready for me to go to when things fell through. This saved a significant amount of time during filming and made sure I was still able to continue with a similar plan for my music video. However, I do think I could have perhaps started filming slightly earlier by spending less time on planning so I would have had more time to stick to the original plan of shooting in the studio. 

Focus Group

Focus Group

Focus group findings/report:

During the focus group I hope to discuss ideas for genre of music - alternative rock or psychedelic rock as well as which genre of music video is best - narrative or experimental. Also engage in discussion about the content of the music video to help me move forward from planning to filming. 

Participants: Group of 5 (aged 18-25)

Before conducting the focus group I informed the participants of my personal influences and visions for the music video. I explained how I wanted to use a song from the late 60's - 80's from the alternative/psychedelic rock movement as this has had a heavy influence on my own personal music taste and I want to replicate something which feels as timeless as this genre of music. I also discussed my questionnaire and the results I the main findings I had gathered from it:

1. Experimental/Narrative is the preferred music video genre 

2. Experimental editing was favoured over fast/slow paced editing

3. Location was voted very important/somewhat important 

4. Content should be something that challenges the audience rather       than straightforward/easy to follow. 

1. Which out of the two music genres do you feel will fit the most with the ideas I have presented to you so far? Keeping in mind the song Love My Way by the Psychedelic Furs for Alternative Rock and I Need a Man to Love by Janis Joplin & Big Brother Company for Psychedelic Rock

P1: I think that the Psychedelic Rock genre will be the best fit as you can be pretty experimental in terms of visuals. 

P2: I personally think that the song "Love My Way" has a more smooth and upbeat sound and the vocals are also very 80's which would fit the ideas you have already come up with. 

P3: I like both songs, but I think there is a possibility that a music video for "Love My Way" could be appear a bit cheesy because it's quite upbeat therefore I think I Need a Man to Love is a safer option.

P4: I really like the Psychedelic Rock music genre and there are a lack of music videos produced for the genre because it was most prominent in the late 60's and early 70's therefore I think it would be the most interesting to produce because you can be very creative with what you want to include and not be held to particular conventions within the genre that an 80's may have.

P5: I didn't really know of either of the songs until they were introduced to me but I personally prefer Love My Way because they 80's sound is very timeless and fun. 

2. Do you think it's important that there is a clear narrative for a music video? 

P1: I don't think it's essential but other aspects of the video may need to be stronger to make up for the lack of narrative. 

P2: I agree that it isn't always needed but the focus should then be on visuals instead to compliment the sound.

P3: I think the narrative is important but it doesn't have to necessarily be obvious, it could just be hinted at.

P4: Yeah, some of the best music videos are based around quite dark or deep subjects therefore a narrative is needed so the message can be put across to the audience. 

P5: I don't think a narrative is important for me. Music videos can be used to express an artist's creativity so really you can produce anything as long as you can explain the reasons for your choices.

3. What genre of music video do you think will work best: narrative, experimental or performance? 

P1: I personally like experimental because they resonate with me more as they stand out from the generic performance style. 

P2: I agree, because I think the performance genre is over used and can appear very cliché. 
P3: I personally enjoy narrative because I like to follow a person's story like you would in a film. Although I don't think all music videos stick to just one of those and it's more interesting if you mix more than one style of music video. 

P4: Yeah, I like the idea of mixing more than one genre. 

P5: Maybe you could have some cool visuals as well as a person mouthing certain lyrics to break it up a bit and add something a little extra. 

4. Do you have any suggestions for location? 

P1: I like your idea of shooting in the studio because a projector would be able to produce the sorts of visuals similar to those on your mood boards. 

P2: I agree, but I also think your idea for filming in Bristol is great because there is a lot of street art there and it would be very colourful too. 

P3: Maybe film some images of trees or plants as I think that would fit well the Psychedelic genre like nature and then maybe distort the images to hint at drug use. Almost like a LSD trip or something. 

P4: I definitely think you should include elements of drug use because that was such a large part of Janis Joplin's brand and a major influence on the whole Psychedelic movement. 

P5: For the neon signs/lights you could go to somewhere like Foleshill Road in Coventry at night because it's always lit up with different signs so you could film quite a few shots there.     

5. Do you think it's important for the visuals to match the lyrics of the song?

P1: I don't think it's necessary but I do think it would compliment the sound more if the visuals matched. 

P2: I think it's important because it is easier to explore the deeper meaning of the lyrics from the images that are presented to the audience. 

P3: I think it should match in a way that compliments the song but doesn't stop it from being experimental. 

P4: I like to see people in music videos mouth the lyrics because it creates more of a feeling I think or at least amplifies it.

P5: I don't think it has to match as such but the visuals shouldn't be the complete opposite to the lyrics because it could be quite distracting or confusing for the audience.

6. Are there any other suggestions/ideas that you'd like to add?

P1:I think you should do more research/practice on how to re-enact the types of visuals you want to ensure you are able to do it.

P2: I agree, I think you should also be realistic of what you can achieve with a very small budget and also the timeframe that you have. 

P3: Not really, I like the ideas you already have. 

P4: I think you know what you want to do and I think you should stick to that. 

P5: Not really a suggestion but I think it might be good to show someone examples of practice shots that you take to get a second opinion on what you have so far. 

Focus Group Findings:

Question One: I asked this question because I felt that the results from my questionnaire weren't as conclusive as I would have liked them to be as the Alternative Rock genre was voted more popular overall but when it came to choosing between the two songs I Need a Man to Love was more popular among audiences. Therefore, I felt that  if I presented the ideas that I had come up with so far before introducing the songs to the group it would help them make more of an informed decision. However, looking at the responses this wasn't necessarily the case as I still did not get an unanimous decision on which song to choose. Although, the discussion of why each song would fit my ideas so far has made me more confident in moving forward with my planning. I found the comment about the Love My Way song possibly coming across as cheesy interesting, as I hadn't necessarily considered this and it swayed me from being on the fence about the two songs and more towards I Need a Man to Love. 

Question Two: This question was perhaps the most useful for me because I was quite torn between creating a narrative for my music video or to sticking to a more experimental approach which would allow me more freedom with the types of visuals I could produce. Half of the participants agreed that a clear narrative was not important and the others despite disagreeing, could suggest ways that a narrative could be subtle therefore not being the main focus of the music video. 

Question Three: I asked this question as I wasn't 100 per cent sure  on the contents for my music video and I thought that having an idea of what style of video audiences prefer would help me be able to make that decision. The response was fairly mixed as some participants stated that they enjoy experimental due to performance being over used in the mainstream whereas others liked the idea of combining more than one style of video which I hadn't thought of and is something that I would like to incorporate in to my music video.

Question Four: This question was also useful because it gave the participants an opportunity to express their thoughts so far as a whole rather than based around a specific area therefore allowing them more freedom to make any suggestions they deem necessary. I like the fact that they brought up the influence of drugs on Janis Joplin's music and the Psychedelic movement and I agree that this should definitely feature in my music video in some form so it is true to the genre. I also never thought of going to somewhere like Foleshill Road at night to get some shots of neon signs and I have now added this to my location plan for filming. Therefore, I believe that the suggestions made overall was a very useful source of feedback which has helped me move along with the planning process. 

Music Video Planning

Camera shot type and equipment list

Shot types

• Close ups
• Extreme close ups
• Tracking shots
• High angle/over the shoulder shot 
• Long shots
• Mid shots
• Establishing shots
• Experimental lighting using projector in studio or mini night light projector purchased on Amazon 

Equipment list

• Canon 600D DSLR camera 
• Tri-pod
• 18-55mm standard lens 
• Wide angle lens 
• Projector
• Fairy lights 
• Mini night light projector

Props

• Make-up 
• 60/70's retro themed outfit fit the aesthetic of psychedelic rock era 
• Mirror 
• Love heart sweets to act as a form "ecstasy"

Time Management

Evidence of Time Management: Music Video

Location

Location Recce

Places I plan to film:

• Bristol - street art shots
• Road near Corley services - birds eye shots of cars on motorway at night  
• Coronation walk and fields in Weddington - tracking shots of subject 
• Studio at King Edward VI College 
• My house for experimental lighting shots
• Foleshill Rosd Coventry - neon signs on busy road at night

Bristol

I am going to Bristol from the 2nd - 3rd of March where I plan to shoot the natural lighting shots for my music video as there are a lot of interesting places that I can go to. For instance I quite like the idea of combining images of art with the visuals that I create in the studio of the character and I can also play around with layering the images to create more experimental visuals. This is also something that I have taken inspiration from the music video  Cedar Lane by First Aid Kit where layering is used to create a more dreamy/uplifting visual with fits well with the Psychedelic appearance that I am aiming to achieve. 

Street art/Graffiti is also hugely popular in Bristol and I plan to visit multiple sights where they are positioned as I think this will add a creative and colourful element to the visuals of my music video.  

Positives 

1. Lots of choice of places to film

2. Adds to narrative

3. Places to shelter nearby if it rains due to city centre location

Negatives

1. Might be unable to shoot in galleries 

2. Open to public - disrupts filming 

3. Time constraints 

Bridge over motorway by Corley Services:

I plan to film a time lapse of the cars on the motorway from the bridge as I think this will emphasise a sense of escapism and also an altered perception of time as although this will be a POV of the subject it will be sped up to suggest gaps in time. 

When I filmed this shot the weather was bad and it was raining heavily and I had the idea to take advantage of the rain drops on the car window and try shooting from the inside of the car. The overall result turned out better than I expected because it makes the shot more visually interesting and is relevant to the narrative as it causes the image to appear out of focus which fits well with the fact that the subject has taken an E and is no longer seeing an accurate sense of reality.

Positives

1. Bridge will be quieter at night

2. Can take shelter in car if weather gets bad 

3. Adds to narrative

Negatives

1. Lack of light, harder to see at night so filming may not be as good quality and there is no light source on the bridge 

2. Open to public - other cars on bridge may disrupt filming 

3. Have to rely on someone to take me there 

Coronation walk - Weddington

I wanted to film some shots of the subject walking and I thought coronation walk would be ideal because it is a big open space and is near to my subject's home so it is easily accessible for us both which is useful on days where there is a restricted time for filming.

Positives

1. Big open space 

2. Easy to access 

3. Familiar setting for subject so they may feel more comfortable filming there

4. Short walk from subject's home in case of bad weather

Negatives:

1. Open to public 

2. Uninteresting location 

Studio at King Edward VI College

I plan to use the studio to film the projections on my subject to add something visually interesting to video.

Positives

1. Good environment to work in with lighting equipment available to use. 

2. Can ask for help from peers if needed 

3. Inside so a weather check isn't necessary 

Negatives

1. Can only book for a certain amount of time 

2. Harder for my subject to travel to 

3. May be difficult to achieve with time constraints 

My home

This is an ideal filming location because it is a space that I am the most comfortable in and I may have more time to film because there isn't a time limit on how long we can be there. Subject may also feel more comfortable because it is a familiar location for them. I want to shoot the experimental lighting shots in my bedroom because I can have more control over the lighting. 

Positives:

1. Familiar and comfortable place to film

2. Don't have to consider the weather before filming

3. More time to shoot 

Negatives: 

1. Have to be respectful of other people in the home when filming  

Foleshill Road - Coventry

This area was suggested by a participant that took part in  my focus group and it wasn't somewhere that I had originally planned to film. However, there were a lot of neon signs on this street therefore I was able to film a number of shots that I aim to use in my final music video. 

Positives

1. Has lots of neon signs I can film 

2. Adds to narrative 

Negatives 

1. Outside location would require a weather check

2. Public location which can be busy 

3. Requires a car to get there 

Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I decided to produce an open, 10 question, questionnaire on SurveyMonkey to help me get more of an idea of what is popular with a range of audiences rather than just sharing it with the people I know. This way I can compare the results to the ideas that I already have for the appearance of my music video and come to a decision about what will work best. I have also planned to conduct a Focus Group  to ensure I have also have some qualitative data to reflect on because the questions on the questionnaire are much more vague and don't allow a more in depth response which will be most useful in voicing the opinions of my audience. 

In the Focus Group I will present my ideas so far in terms of location, genre, visuals etc and start a discussion about which ideas work well and others that may need some work. Also by conducting a Focus Group I may obtain some ideas that I would't have come up with myself which will may alter my initial plan. 

Find the results here - 

https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/survey-taken/?sm=6922l4v1MzF6SPdO6SWSB_2FaDs4WUyMqIek3P2Nneob34jDueJo3Da3YORNId4eGJGbcB5pfGvTbau7eCb4J_2Fr9qZXImura2hrLqxD23YW58_3D

Looking at my questionnaire, it is clear that the Indie/Alternative Rock music genre is predominantly more popular with audiences although Psychedelic Rock is only slightly behind. Experimental was also voted most popular which I believe fits more with the Psychedelic Rock genre because it is often more experimental with visuals and this is something I aim to achieve with my music video. I will be using a combination of natural, low key and experimental lighting to achieve my preferred aesthetic. 

Another conclusion I draw from my questionnaire is that audiences favour both the narrative and experimental music video genre with around 44% voting for narrative and 55% voting for experimental.I think this result is quite interesting as I thought that there would be more of a distinct division between responses and this just wasn't the case. I am also surprised that no-one voted for location because I thought audiences would consider this as an important aspect for a music video. This is reinforced by a later question which specifically asks how important location is for a music video with 77% of participants stating that it was only 'somewhat important'. This result made me reconsider my initial plans for location as I was planning to film in multiple locations in Birmingham such as Ghetto Golf because I thought it would be more aesthetically pleasing for the video however, with time constraints and a small budget I decided that this wasn't necessary and I changed my initial plan to be able to recreate something similar but closer to home instead. 

A weakness of my questionnaire is the fact that some of the questions are not always completely relevant for my research such as asking the participant's gender. Upon review I realised that this wasn't a necessary question to ask as I stated that my target audience were 18-25 year olds and made no assumptions about the gender of the audience. Although, if this was a variable that I wanted to control then I could have specified this at an earlier stage and tried to ensure that I had a fair response from both male and female audiences to make my data more valid. 

Similarly, I feel as though I should have controlled the age variable by only allowing participants within my target audience (18-25) to take part in the questionnaire because any other data I collected from participants that are out of this target is not valid  because I don't need to know what their preferred response is. This may have had an effect on the reliability of my data because I cannot be sure which answers a specific age group are drawn towards as this is out of my control therefore, the conclusions I draw from my questionnaire cannot be totally reliable. This will be important to reflect on before conducting my focus group to ensure that I won't replicate the same mistakes and instead ensure that all participants are within the age range that is specific to my target audience for the music video. This will produce the most valid form of data as I can be sure that all responses will be relevant to the research I conduct. 

Overall, I think producing a questionnaire was a relatively useful means of qualitative data as I was able to open it up to a wider audience which gave produced a more valid result in terms of gaining responses from people outside of my friendship group. However, I do not believe that all the questions were particularly relevant to my research and therefore this had a significant effect on the reliability of my results because I need to conduct a focus group to try and maintain the validity of data collected.